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上海新富阶级流行生两胎
甘愿缴罚款、宁到国外生；多生一个如拥名车、豪宅，象征身份地位。
【本报系记者汪莉绢特稿 】
中国大陆自一九八零年代实施一胎化政策，在计划生育宣传中，超额生育的家庭被嘲讽为「超生游击队」，与贫穷落后画上等号。最近几年，「超生游击队」的负面形象完全被颠覆。拥有两个以上孩子的「超生家庭」，成为上海富人圈的新风气，「超生富贵兵团」的形象取代了「超生游击队」。比别人多生一个孩子，和拥有名车、华屋一样，是身份地位的象征。 自去年底，上海传出将放宽一胎化政策，有条件地允许生育第二胎，不少年轻夫妻对生第二个孩子开始跃跃欲试。事实上，生两个孩子对一些新富阶级来说，早已成为公开秘密。上海富人圈里的民营企业家、私营业主、海归派等「新富」阶级，正流行以缴纳高额罚款和到国外生小孩等方法，让自己拥有第二个、甚至第三个孩子。 今年初上海的一项调查，令学者和专家跌破眼镜。调查显示，目前上海的年轻男女中，教育程度高和经济收入高的「双高」人士，对生第二个小孩的兴趣最大。不仅是上海一地，北京、广州、武汉、西安等地的白领阶级，想拥有第二个小孩的人比希望只生一个小孩的人多34.6%。 「中国青年报」一项针对「中国科学院」和「中国社科院」的调查显示，近八成的博士、硕士认为，一对夫妇有两个孩子较为合适。在一胎化政策未松绑前，近四成的人考虑到国外生第二胎。 中国大陆计划生育部门对超额生小孩的人，有行政和经济两种处罚办法。行政手段是由单位对超额生育者予以纪律处分，例如调职、降职、减薪等；经济手段则要求违反者缴交一大笔「社会抚养费」，「社会抚养费」的多寡由各地自行决定。以上海市为例，「社会抚养费」是以超生子女出生前一年上海市居民家庭每人平均可支配收入为基数，再乘以三。 例如，二零零三年上海城市居民家庭人均可支配收入1万4867元，二零零四年的超生父母要缴纳的「社会抚养费」，便是四万元人民币左右。对于普通薪水阶层来说，这是一笔大数目，加上超生小孩未来必须支付较高的教育费等，没有一定经济实力的家庭，「养不起」超生的孩子。相反地，对于民营企业家等「新富阶层」来说，自己往往就是老板，行政手段根本罚不到他们；经济手段也没有多大作用。多生一个小孩，就成为「新富阶级」的新风尚。
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上海新富阶级流行生两胎
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The Two-Child Trend of Shanghai’s Rich
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甘愿缴罚款、宁到国外生；多生一个如拥名车、豪宅，象征身份地位。
【本报系记者汪莉绢特稿 】
中国大陆自一九八零年代实施一胎化政策，在计划生育宣传中，超额生育的家庭被嘲讽为「超生游击队」，与贫穷落后画上等号。最近几年，「超生游击队」的负面形象完全被颠覆。拥有两个以上孩子的「超生家庭」，成为上海富人圈的新风气，「超生富贵兵团」的形象取代了「超生游击队」。比别人多生一个孩子，和拥有名车、华屋一样，是身份地位的象征。
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They are willing to pay penalties. They’d rather be childbearing abroad. Like owning expensive cars and mansions, having one more child symbolizes social status and position.
World Journal, Sunday, June 13, 2004
Special Report by Wang Lijuan, World Journal Reporter
Ever since Mainland China implemented the one- child policy in the 1980’s, families exceeding the birth quota have been ridiculed in the birth planning campaign as the “excessive birth guerrillas” and associated with poverty and backwardness. In recent years, the negative image of the “excessive birth guerrillas” has been totally overturned. Those quota-exceeding families that have two or more children have become a new fashion among the rich in Shanghai. The image of the “excessive birth guerrillas” has been replaced with the “excessive birth corps of the rich and noble.” Having one more child than others indicates the social status and position, just like owning expensive cars or mansions.
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自去年底，上海传出将放宽一胎化政策，有条件地允许生育第二胎，不少年轻夫妻对生第二个孩子开始跃跃欲试。事实上，生两个孩子对一些新富阶级来说，早已成为公开秘密。上海富人圈里的民营企业家、私营业主、海归派等「新富」阶级，正流行以缴纳高额罚款和到国外生小孩等方法，让自己拥有第二个、甚至第三个孩子。
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Since the end of last year, there has been speculation that Shanghai may be relaxing the one-child policy and giving birth to a second child would be allowed under certain conditions. Many young couples can’t wait to give it a try. The fact is that having two children has already been an open secret among the “new caste of the rich.” It is trendy among the new caste of the rich, including entrepreneurs, private business owners and Chinese who have returned from overseas, to pay a large fine or to take a trip to a foreign country for giving birth, in order to have a second, or even a third, child.
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今年初上海的一项调查，令学者和专家跌破眼镜。调查显示，目前上海的年轻男女中，教育程度高和经济收入高的「双高」人士，对生第二个小孩的兴趣最大。不仅是上海一地，北京、广州、武汉、西安等地的白领阶级，想拥有第二个小孩的人比希望只生一个小孩的人多34.6%。
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A survey in Shanghai early in the year made scholars and experts "drop and break their eye glasses" (i.e., greatly surprised). The survey revealed that among Shanghai’s young adults, those with high education and high income, or the “two-highs,” are most interested in having a second child. Shanghai is not alone. Among the white-collars in Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Xian, there are 34.6% more of those who wish to have a second child than of those who want only one.
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「中国青年报」一项针对「中国科学院」和「中国社科院」的调查显示，近八成的博士、硕士认为，一对夫妇有两个孩子较为合适。在一胎化政策未松绑前，近四成的人考虑到国外生第二胎。
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A survey conducted by the China Youth Daily, targeting the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, found that nearly 80% of those with doctorate and master degrees believed that it would be more appropriate for a couple to have two children. Before the one-child policy was relaxed, almost 40% of them had considered childbearing abroad for the second child.
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中国大陆计划生育部门对超额生小孩的人，有行政和经济两种处罚办法。行政手段是由单位对超额生育者予以纪律处分，例如调职、降职、减薪等；经济手段则要求违反者缴交一大笔「社会抚养费」，「社会抚养费」的多寡由各地自行决定。以上海市为例，「社会抚养费」是以超生子女出生前一年上海市居民家庭每人平均可支配收入为基数，再乘以三。
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Family planning bureaus in Mainland China have two types of punishments – administrative and economic – to impose on those who exceed the one-child quota. Administrative penalties are disciplinary actions executed by the work unit of the violator, such as reassignment, demotion and salary reduction. Economic measures require that the violator pay a large amount of “social compensation,” the schedule of which is set by the local jurisdiction. Take Shanghai’s “social compensation” as an example; it is three times the annual average household expendable income per capita during the year before the “excessive” child was born.
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例如，二零零三年上海城市居民家庭人均可支配收入1万4867元，二零零四年的超生父母要缴纳的「社会抚养费」，便是四万元人民币左右。对于普通薪水阶层来说，这是一笔大数目，加上超生小孩未来必须支付较高的教育费等，没有一定经济实力的家庭，「养不起」超生的孩子。相反地，对于民营企业家等「新富阶层」来说，自己往往就是老板，行政手段根本罚不到他们；经济手段也没有多大作用。多生一个小孩，就成为「新富阶级」的新风尚。
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For example, the average household expendable income per capita of all Shanghai’s families in 2003 is 14,867 RMB [approximately US$1,800], which implies that in 2004, parents of an “excessive” child must pay a fine of over 40,000 RMB. This is a huge amount of money for wage-earning families. Besides, “excessive” children are required to pay a higher amount of tuition and fees in the future. Families without a certain level of economic strength cannot afford to raise “excessive” children. Conversely, the “new caste of the rich” such as entrepreneurs, are not subject to administrative penalties at all, because they typically are the bosses of their own work units. Economic penalties do not really have an effect on them, either. Bearing one more child has thus become a new fashion among the “new caste of the rich.”
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The Two-Child Trend of Shanghai’s Rich
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|
 |
They are willing to pay penalties. They’d rather be childbearing abroad. Like owning expensive cars and mansions, having one more child symbolizes social status and position.
World Journal, Sunday, June 13, 2004
Special Report by Wang Lijuan, World Journal Reporter
Ever since Mainland China implemented the one- child policy in the 1980’s, families exceeding the birth quota have been ridiculed in the birth planning campaign as the “excessive birth guerrillas” and associated with poverty and backwardness. In recent years, the negative image of the “excessive birth guerrillas” has been totally overturned. Those quota-exceeding families that have two or more children have become a new fashion among the rich in Shanghai. The image of the “excessive birth guerrillas” has been replaced with the “excessive birth corps of the rich and noble.” Having one more child than others indicates the social status and position, just like owning expensive cars or mansions.
|
|
|
|
Since the end of last year, there has been speculation that Shanghai may be relaxing the one-child policy and giving birth to a second child would be allowed under certain conditions. Many young couples can’t wait to give it a try. The fact is that having two children has already been an open secret among the “new caste of the rich.” It is trendy among the new caste of the rich, including entrepreneurs, private business owners and Chinese who have returned from overseas, to pay a large fine or to take a trip to a foreign country for giving birth, in order to have a second, or even a third, child.
|
|
|
|
A survey in Shanghai early in the year made scholars and experts "drop and break their eye glasses" (i.e., greatly surprised). The survey revealed that among Shanghai’s young adults, those with high education and high income, or the “two-highs,” are most interested in having a second child. Shanghai is not alone. Among the white-collars in Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Xian, there are 34.6% more of those who wish to have a second child than of those who want only one.
|
|
|
|
A survey conducted by the China Youth Daily, targeting the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, found that nearly 80% of those with doctorate and master degrees believed that it would be more appropriate for a couple to have two children. Before the one-child policy was relaxed, almost 40% of them had considered childbearing abroad for the second child.
|
|
|
|
Family planning bureaus in Mainland China have two types of punishments – administrative and economic – to impose on those who exceed the one-child quota. Administrative penalties are disciplinary actions executed by the work unit of the violator, such as reassignment, demotion and salary reduction. Economic measures require that the violator pay a large amount of “social compensation,” the schedule of which is set by the local jurisdiction. Take Shanghai’s “social compensation” as an example; it is three times the annual average household expendable income per capita during the year before the “excessive” child was born.
|
|
|
|
For example, the average household expendable income per capita of all Shanghai’s families in 2003 is 14,867 RMB [approximately US$1,800], which implies that in 2004, parents of an “excessive” child must pay a fine of over 40,000 RMB. This is a huge amount of money for wage-earning families. Besides, “excessive” children are required to pay a higher amount of tuition and fees in the future. Families without a certain level of economic strength cannot afford to raise “excessive” children. Conversely, the “new caste of the rich” such as entrepreneurs, are not subject to administrative penalties at all, because they typically are the bosses of their own work units. Economic penalties do not really have an effect on them, either. Bearing one more child has thus become a new fashion among the “new caste of the rich.”
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