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(1) Kung may kawawang kawani ng gobyerno, isa na rito malamang ang ating mga pulis o alagad ng batas. Aba'y sa paglipas ng mga panahon, kung anu-anong patutsada ang ibinato na sa kanila--pulis patola, pulis matulis, pulis sa ilalim ng tulay, at maging iskalawag.
(2) Dahil laging nasa kalye ang mga pulis upang humaharap sa pang-araw-araw na mga problema ng mga Pinoy magmula sa mga karumal-dumal na krimen, hanggang sa mga mandurukot at mga pasaway na lumabag sa batas trapiko, natural din na sila ang laging nakikita ng mga tao.
(3) Kaya naman hindi kataka-taka kung lumabas sa isang survey na nagsasabing ang kapulisan ang pinaka-tiwaling ahensya sa gobyerno. Pero kung tutuusin, maliit na bahagi lang ng buong puwersa ng kapulisan ang nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan.
(4) Para bang isang buong bond paper na kapag nilagyan mo ng isang maitim na tuldok, pero mawawala sa isip mo ang kabuuan ng "maputing" bond paper.
(5) Sa ngayon, higit na nabibigyan ng atensyon sa mga balita ang ilang bugok na pulis na nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan at nag-aastang kriminal na sila na lang dapat ang hinuhuli. Mayroon ding ilang alagad ng batas na nagmimistulang hukom at sila na ang nagpapataw ng parusang kamatayan sa kanilang hinuhuli. At siyempre, hindi rin nawawala ang mga pasimpleng nangongotong sa mga motorist at iba pang uri ng delihensiya.
(6) Pero sabi nga natin, ang mga negatibo ang madalas na nababalita pero hindi masyadong napapansin ang magagandang nagagawa rin ng ating mga awtoridad. Mabuti na nga lang sa ilang talumpati ni Pangulong Noynoy "PNoy" Aquino, nabibigyan niya ng pansin ang kadakilaan ng ating mga pulis.
(7) Napag-usapan ang pagbibigay-pansin ni PNoy--sila ang mga tunay na alagad ng batas na handang isakripisyo ang sariling buhay sa ngalan ng kanilang sinumpaang tungkulin na ipatutupad ang batas para sa kaligtasan ng mga mamamayan. Mga pulis na itinuturing na karangalan ang magkaroon ng "chapa," at hindi "lisensiya" para mang-abuso gaya ng ginagawa ng mga bugoy na iskalawags.
(8) Sa ilalim ng administrasyon ni PNoy, dapat humugot ng panibagong pag-asa at inspirasyon ang ating mga pulis dahil sa ipinakikita niyang suporta. Katunayan, naka-ready na ang P2 bilyong pondo na bahagi ng P9 bilyong modernization program para sa Philippine National Police (PNP).
(9) Ang naturang bahagi ng pondo ay gagamitin sa mga karagdagang kagamitan ng pulis para sa sandata, komunikasyon, dagdag na tauhan at iba pa. Bukod pa diyan ang nauna nang ipinamahagi ng pamahalaan na mahigit 27,000 baril na Glock 17 9-mm para sa ating mga pulis. Kung hindi man nawala na, tiyak na iilan na lang siguro ang matatawag na pulis-patola o iyong mga batuta lang ang sandata.
(10) Kung sabagay, kung may nababalita mang mga pulis na nasasangkot sa kalokohan, nangyayari ito dahil naisusumbong sila o kaya naman ay nahuhuli rin ng mismo nilang mga kabarong pulis. Magandang indikasyon na nagpapakita na walang pagtatakipan na nangyayari sa PNP.
(11) Kailangan lang sigurong pag-ibayuhin pa ng mga "good cop" ang kanilang powers para maimpluwensyahan kung hindi man matakot ang mga iskalawags para magpakatino sila o tuluyan na lamang silang umalis sa serbisyo at mag-full-time na kriminal na lamang.
(12) At sa panahon ngayon na marami pa ring kampon ni "Taning" na naghahasik ng lagim sa mga mamamayan, dapat pag-ibayuhin ng mga pulis na alagad ng "kabutihan" ang kanilang kampanya para mabura ang "tuldok na itim" at mangibabaw sa paningin ng tao ang "kaputian" ng ating mga alagad ng batas.
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What meaning does "mga kalokohan" have in the third paragraph?
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Who are the "hukom" in paragraph five and what is the author saying about them?
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What does "pasimpleng" mean in the context of the fifth paragraph?
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Who is the author referring to with the term kampon ni "Taning" in the final paragraph?
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(Click text to switch language)
Basahin ang mga tanong tungkol sa pananarinaring leksikong paggamit na magpaliwanag sa nilalaman ng naibigay na bahaging tekstuwal sa pamamagitan ng pagpili sa pinakamabuting sagot mula sa naibigay na mga pagpipilian.
Para sa halimbawa ng mga palayaw ginamit para sa mga opisyal ng pulisya sa artikulo, basahin ang Tanda ng Guro  .
Read the questions about nuanced lexical usage in light of the context of the provided textual excerpts by selecting the best answer from the provided choices.
For an explanation of the nicknames used for police officers in the article, read the Teacher's Note .
1) Read the question and click next to the the best answer. If you need help, click the Hint button.
2) After selecting an answer, click the Check Answer button and review the feedback.
3) Click the Next arrow at the bottom of the page to advance to the next question. Continue until you have answered ALL of the questions.
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What meaning does "mga kalokohan" have in the third paragraph?
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Who are the "hukom" in paragraph five and what is the author saying about them?
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What does "pasimpleng" mean in the context of the fifth paragraph?
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Who is the author referring to with the term kampon ni "Taning" in the final paragraph?
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Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The loko root in kalokohan (which comes from the Spanish word loco = crazy) carries meanings related to trickery, craziness, foolishness and idiocy. Thus, kalokohan (the noun form that describes the actual activity itself) could mean a lot of things, depending on the context.
In the context of this particular passage, it should be clear, however, that the bad cops are doing something more sinister than performing practical jokes on people. Take what you know as the range of meanings related to the root and apply them to the context. ||ltr|| Correct.
Kalokohan can mean a lot of different things (like idiocy, stupidity, foolishness, mischief, tomfoolery, etc.), depending on the context. In this context, it is pluralized by mga, so it really means foolish or stupid actions and implies that they are also harmful. Hence, a word like shenanigans would be an excellent (idiomatic) translation in this context.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
Pero kung tutuusin, maliit na bahagi lang ng buong puwersa ng kapulisan ang nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan.
But, if you think about it, only a small part of the entire police force is involved in shenanigans. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
Elsewhere in the text, there is mention of soliciting bribes (nangongotong), but that is not the meaning of the term kalokohan. In the context of the passage, "bribes" would make sense, but the word itself does not carry that meaning.
Attempt to narrow down the original range of meanings of the term using the context instead of fishing for a meaning outside of the range based purely on context. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The term hukom literally means judge, but the passage is not referring to literal judges.
You must read the entire paragraph (and especially not the word preceding hukom) to understand what is meant here. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The term hukom has to do with judgment, but this portion of the passage does not focus on the activities or role of the general public.
Pay attention to the subject and objects in the sentence so that you can sort out precisely to whom hukom refers. ||ltr|| Correct.
Hukom (judge) is not referring to literal judges here but to rogue police officers who rob those they arrest of due trial, instead executing judgment on the criminals themselves. You needed to understand the entire paragraph in order to discern the colorful, idiomatic usage of the term hukom here.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
Sa ngayon, higit na nabibigyan ng atensyon sa mga balita ang ilang bugok na pulis na nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan at nag-aastang kriminal na sila na lang dapat ang hinuhuli. Mayroon ding ilang alagad ng batas na nagmimistulang hukom at sila na ang nagpapataw ng parusang kamatayan sa kanilang hinuhuli.
Currently, more attention is being given to news articles about some idiot cops who get involved in shenanigans, acting like criminals who themselves should be arrested. There are also some officers of the law who act like judges and they impose the death sentence to those they arrest.
Note the importance of the Tagalog term nagmimistulang (appear as or seem like) in this passage. This term should clue the reader that the writer is not talking about literal judges, but about cops putting themselves in the place of a judge. This portion of the text is thus referring to police who carry out extra-judicial killings. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
Pasimple(ng) is created from the root word simple. The root word can carry the meaning simple-minded, but pasimple means something else.
Focus on the context of the action, and guess which of the remaining answers makes the most sense. ||ltr|| Correct.
Pasimple(ng) means secretively (or furtively) here. Pasimple is a creative, idiomatic adaptation of the root word simple, which means what it means in English (simple). Those who want to solicit bribes (nangongotong) do so secretly, not out in the open.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
At siyempre, hindi rin nawawala ang mga pasimpleng nangongotong sa mga motorist at iba pang uri ng delihensiya.
And obviously, we are also not without those who furtively solicit bribes from motorists and engage in other creative ways of hustling.
Also note the colorful idiomatic term delihensiya, which we have translated as hustling. Delihensiya refers to a creative or desperate act to get something by illicit or crafty means. Delihensiya does not have the gambling connotation that the English term hustling has, but is a pretty good match for the broader slang use of hustling, which can refer to other types of shady activities beyond gambling. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
This sounds like a reasonable guess for what a word constructed from the cognate root simple could mean in this context, but pasimple does not carry the meaning easily.
Focus on the context of the action described by the word nangongotong, and make your guess based on how one might desire to conduct that type of action. ||ltr|| Correct.
The corrupt cops referred to as iskalawag in the title of the editorial (Alis Kalawag), which is a word play on alis (go away) and iskalawag (corrupt; worthless), are the ones that the author is here calling (mga) kampon ni Taning (devil's minions) who spread gloom (naghahasik ng lagim).
These corrupt cops spread gloom by their criminal acts (mentioned in particular detail in paragraph five), which upset the public and give the entire police force a bad reputation. Although the editorialist takes pains in saying that the police as a whole are honorable and do not deserve their bad reputation, he also describes the crooked cops venomously, pulling no punches.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
At sa panahon ngayon na marami pa ring kampon ni "Taning" na naghahasik ng lagim sa mga mamamayan, dapat pag-ibayuhin ng mga pulis na alagad ng "kabutihan" ang kanilang kampanya para mabura ang "tuldok na itim" at mangibabaw sa paningin ng tao ang "kaputian" ng ating mga alagad ng batas.
Right now, when many of the devil's minions are continuing to spread gloom among the citizens, we should double the crusade for the police officers of virtue in order to obliterate the "black dot" and let the "whiteness" of our police officers, which is seen by the people, dominate. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The sixth paragraph did mention that negative things are frequently reported (ang mga negatibo ang madalas na nababalita), but it would be a stretch to imply that the author's use of (mga) kampon ni Taning refers to the news media here.
Think about the final paragraph in the context of the entire text: Who does the author say is the real problem? ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The first paragraph did list common epithets the public flings at the police and the fourth paragraph mentioned a public survey in which the public called the police the most corrupt part of the government. Yet, it is not correct to state that the author is atributing diabolical qualities to the critical public in this passage.
Think about the title of the column To whom does this editorial atribute the most blame? ||ltr||
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What meaning does "mga kalokohan" have in the third paragraph?
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Who are the "hukom" in paragraph five and what is the author saying about them?
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What does "pasimpleng" mean in the context of the fifth paragraph?
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Who is the author referring to with the term kampon ni "Taning" in the final paragraph?
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Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The loko root in kalokohan (which comes from the Spanish word loco = crazy) carries meanings related to trickery, craziness, foolishness and idiocy. Thus, kalokohan (the noun form that describes the actual activity itself) could mean a lot of things, depending on the context.
In the context of this particular passage, it should be clear, however, that the bad cops are doing something more sinister than performing practical jokes on people. Take what you know as the range of meanings related to the root and apply them to the context. ||ltr|| Correct.
Kalokohan can mean a lot of different things (like idiocy, stupidity, foolishness, mischief, tomfoolery, etc.), depending on the context. In this context, it is pluralized by mga, so it really means foolish or stupid actions and implies that they are also harmful. Hence, a word like shenanigans would be an excellent (idiomatic) translation in this context.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
Pero kung tutuusin, maliit na bahagi lang ng buong puwersa ng kapulisan ang nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan.
But, if you think about it, only a small part of the entire police force is involved in shenanigans. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
Elsewhere in the text, there is mention of soliciting bribes (nangongotong), but that is not the meaning of the term kalokohan. In the context of the passage, "bribes" would make sense, but the word itself does not carry that meaning.
Attempt to narrow down the original range of meanings of the term using the context instead of fishing for a meaning outside of the range based purely on context. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The term hukom literally means judge, but the passage is not referring to literal judges.
You must read the entire paragraph (and especially not the word preceding hukom) to understand what is meant here. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The term hukom has to do with judgment, but this portion of the passage does not focus on the activities or role of the general public.
Pay attention to the subject and objects in the sentence so that you can sort out precisely to whom hukom refers. ||ltr|| Correct.
Hukom (judge) is not referring to literal judges here but to rogue police officers who rob those they arrest of due trial, instead executing judgment on the criminals themselves. You needed to understand the entire paragraph in order to discern the colorful, idiomatic usage of the term hukom here.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
Sa ngayon, higit na nabibigyan ng atensyon sa mga balita ang ilang bugok na pulis na nasasangkot sa mga kalokohan at nag-aastang kriminal na sila na lang dapat ang hinuhuli. Mayroon ding ilang alagad ng batas na nagmimistulang hukom at sila na ang nagpapataw ng parusang kamatayan sa kanilang hinuhuli.
Currently, more attention is being given to news articles about some idiot cops who get involved in shenanigans, acting like criminals who themselves should be arrested. There are also some officers of the law who act like judges and they impose the death sentence to those they arrest.
Note the importance of the Tagalog term nagmimistulang (appear as or seem like) in this passage. This term should clue the reader that the writer is not talking about literal judges, but about cops putting themselves in the place of a judge. This portion of the text is thus referring to police who carry out extra-judicial killings. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
Pasimple(ng) is created from the root word simple. The root word can carry the meaning simple-minded, but pasimple means something else.
Focus on the context of the action, and guess which of the remaining answers makes the most sense. ||ltr|| Correct.
Pasimple(ng) means secretively (or furtively) here. Pasimple is a creative, idiomatic adaptation of the root word simple, which means what it means in English (simple). Those who want to solicit bribes (nangongotong) do so secretly, not out in the open.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
At siyempre, hindi rin nawawala ang mga pasimpleng nangongotong sa mga motorist at iba pang uri ng delihensiya.
And obviously, we are also not without those who furtively solicit bribes from motorists and engage in other creative ways of hustling.
Also note the colorful idiomatic term delihensiya, which we have translated as hustling. Delihensiya refers to a creative or desperate act to get something by illicit or crafty means. Delihensiya does not have the gambling connotation that the English term hustling has, but is a pretty good match for the broader slang use of hustling, which can refer to other types of shady activities beyond gambling. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
This sounds like a reasonable guess for what a word constructed from the cognate root simple could mean in this context, but pasimple does not carry the meaning easily.
Focus on the context of the action described by the word nangongotong, and make your guess based on how one might desire to conduct that type of action. ||ltr|| Correct.
The corrupt cops referred to as iskalawag in the title of the editorial (Alis Kalawag), which is a word play on alis (go away) and iskalawag (corrupt; worthless), are the ones that the author is here calling (mga) kampon ni Taning (devil's minions) who spread gloom (naghahasik ng lagim).
These corrupt cops spread gloom by their criminal acts (mentioned in particular detail in paragraph five), which upset the public and give the entire police force a bad reputation. Although the editorialist takes pains in saying that the police as a whole are honorable and do not deserve their bad reputation, he also describes the crooked cops venomously, pulling no punches.
Here is a translation of the textual excerpt:
At sa panahon ngayon na marami pa ring kampon ni "Taning" na naghahasik ng lagim sa mga mamamayan, dapat pag-ibayuhin ng mga pulis na alagad ng "kabutihan" ang kanilang kampanya para mabura ang "tuldok na itim" at mangibabaw sa paningin ng tao ang "kaputian" ng ating mga alagad ng batas.
Right now, when many of the devil's minions are continuing to spread gloom among the citizens, we should double the crusade for the police officers of virtue in order to obliterate the "black dot" and let the "whiteness" of our police officers, which is seen by the people, dominate. ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The sixth paragraph did mention that negative things are frequently reported (ang mga negatibo ang madalas na nababalita), but it would be a stretch to imply that the author's use of (mga) kampon ni Taning refers to the news media here.
Think about the final paragraph in the context of the entire text: Who does the author say is the real problem? ||ltr|| Try again. This is not the correct answer.
The first paragraph did list common epithets the public flings at the police and the fourth paragraph mentioned a public survey in which the public called the police the most corrupt part of the government. Yet, it is not correct to state that the author is atributing diabolical qualities to the critical public in this passage.
Think about the title of the column To whom does this editorial atribute the most blame? ||ltr|| One must look at both the meaning of the root and the context in order to understand the meaning and usage of the word here. Pay attention to the meaning of the word immediately preceding hukom. The meaning of the word that follows pasimpleng is a key to understanding the usage of pasimpleng in the context. The answer is implied. You must understand the meaning of kampon ni Taning (devil's minion), and also take into account the context of the entire text.
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pulis patola: Ang patola ay ang terminong Tagalog sa loofah gourd--ang halaman kung saan ang mga loofah ay ginagamit sa pagligo ang pinagmulan. Ang dahilan kung bakit ang mga pulis sa Pilipinas ay tinatawag sa pangalang ito ay dahil sa nakaraan ang hugis ng mga baton ng lokal na mga opisyal ng pulisya ay nagpapaalala sa patola. Ang palayaw ay naglalarawan ng kahulugan ng lokal na pasayo na walang kakayahang humawak ng mahirap na sitwasyon--katulad ng "keystone cop" na ginagamit sa English.
